CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

non-Newtonian fluid    →   nenewtonski fluid

Non-Newtonian fluid is a fluid whose viscosity changes when the gradient in flow speed changes. Colloidal suspensions and polymer solutions like ketchup and starch/water paste are non-Newtonian fluids.

non-polar solvent    →   nepolarno otapalo

Non-polar solvent is a liquid with non-polar molecules. It dissolves covalent compounds, non-water solvent.

oxonium ion    →   oksonijev ion

Oxonuim ion (H₃O⁺) is formed when a molecule of water binds with a proton.

copolymer    →   kopolimer

Copolymers are also known as heteropolymers. They are made from two (or more) different monomers, which usually undergo a condensation reaction with the elimination of a simple molecule, such as ammonia or water. A typical example is the condensation of 1,6-diaminohexane (hexamethylenediamine) with hexanedioic acid (adipic acid) to form nylon 6,6.

The properties of a polymeric plastic can most easily be modified if it is a copolymer of two or more different monomers, e.g. acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS). Varying the proportions of the component monomers can preselect its properties.

copper    →   bakar

Copper has been known since ancient times. The origin of the name comes from the Latin word cuprum meaning the island of Cyprus famed for its copper mines. It is malleable, ductile, reddish-brown metal. Resistant to air and water. Exposed surfaces form greenish carbonate film. Pure copper occurs rarely in nature. Usually found in sulfides as in chalcopyrite (CuFeS₂), coveline (CuS), chalcosine (Cu₂S) or oxides like cuprite (Cu₂O). Most often used as an electrical conductor. Also used in the manufacture of water pipes. Its alloys are used in jewellery and for coins.

cryogenic fluid    →   kriogenski fluid

Cryogenic fluids are used for accessing low temperatures, usually below -150 °C. Cryogenic temperatures are achieved by the rapid evaporation of volatile liquids. The most common laboratory cryogenic fluids are liquid nitrogen (-196 °C). Nitrogen gas is colorless and odorless. The cloud formed when pouring liquid nitrogen is condensed water vapour from the air, not nitrogen gas.

Dalton’s law    →   Daltonov zakon

Dalton’s law of partial pressure says that the total pressure eof gaseous mixture is equal to the sum of all gases partial pressures which make that mixture on the condition that they do not interact.

For example, if dry oxygen gas at 900 hPa is saturated with water vapor at 56 hPa, the pressure of the wet gas is 956 hPa.

oxygenation    →   oksigenacija

Oxygenation is the addition of pure oxygen to the water, to increase the dissolved oxygen concentration of the water.

permanent hardness    →   stalna tvrdoća

Permanent hardness in water is hardness due to the presence of the chlorides, nitrates and sulphates of calcium and magnesium, which will not be precipitated by boiling. The lime scale can build up on the inside of the pipe restricting the flow of water or causing a blockage. This can happen in industry where hot water is used.

plastic sulphur    →   plastični sumpor

Plastic sulphur is the shape of sulphur which emerges when hot, liquid sulphur pours out in the water. It can be stretched in long fibres is unstable unstable. It easily solidifies.