CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY
micelle → micele
Micelle is an electrically charged colloidal particle, usually organic in nature, composed of aggregates of large molecules, e.g., in soaps and surfactants. For aqueous solutions, the hydrophilic end of the molecule is on the surface of the micelle, while the hydrophobic end (often a hydrocarbon chain) points toward the centre.
carboxylic acids → karboksilne kiseline
Carboxylic acids are organic compounds characterized by the presence of one or more RC(=O)OH groups (the carboxyl group). In the systematic chemical nomenclature carboxylic acids names end in the suffix -oic (e.g. ethanoic acids, CH3COOH). The carbon of the terminal group being counted as part of the chain. They are generally weak acids. Carboxylic acids include a large and important class of fatty acids and may be either saturated or unsaturated. There are also some natural aromatic carboxylic acids (benzoic, salicylic).
catalytic cracking → katalitčko krekiranje
Catalytic cracking is a petroleum refining process in which heavy-molecular weight hydrocarbons are broken up into light hydrocarbon molecules by the application of heat and pressure in the presence of a catalyst.
cracking → krekiranje
Cracking is the process whereby heavy molecules of petroleum or crude oil are broken down into hydrocarbons of lower molecular weight (especially in the oil-refining process).
crude oil → sirova nafta
Crude oil (petroleum) is a fossil fuel formed from plant and animal remains many million of years ago. It is occasionally found in springs or pools but is usually drilled from wells beneath the earth’s surface. Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons with small quantities of other chemicals such as sulphur, nitrogen and oxygen. Crude is the raw material which is refined into petrol, heating oil, jet fuel, propane, petrochemicals, and other products.
mineral oils → mineralna ulja
Mineral oils are oily liquids that are composed of hydrocarbons and are obtained as a product of petroleum, tar, coal, wood etc. distillation. They are used as lubricants.
natural gas → prirodni plin
Natural gas is a naturally occurring mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons. The approximate composition of natural gas is 85 % methane, 10 % ethane, 3 % propane, with lesser amounts of butane, and other higher alkanes. Natural gas is used as a fuel and for the manufacture of chemicals.
octane number → oktanski broj
Octane number is the assay mark of the liquid motor fuel which shows its anti-knock value. n-heptane, which detonates very easily, has o.n. 0, whereas isooctane, which does not detonate, has o.n. 100. By mixing these hydrocarbons we obtain fuels of different qualities, with values of octane number between 0 and 100.
Citing this page:
Generalic, Eni. "Unsaturated hydrocarbon." Croatian-English Chemistry Dictionary & Glossary. 29 June 2022. KTF-Split. {Date of access}. <https://glossary.periodni.com>.
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