CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY
critical point → kritična točka
In general, critical point is the point on the phase diagram of a two-phase system at which the two coexisting phases have identical properties and therefore represent a single phase. At the liquid-gas critical point of a pure substance, the distinction between liquid and gas vanishes, and the vapour pressure curve ends. The coordinates of this point are called the critical temperature and critical pressure. Above the critical temperature it is not possible to liquefy the substance.
hardening → stvrdnjavanje
Hardening is the process of becoming hard or solid by cooling, or drying, or crystallization. For example, the hardening of concrete.
heat of fusion → toplina taljenja
Heat of fusion or enthalpy of fusion is the heat required to convert a substance from the solid to the liquid state with no temperature change (also called latent heat of fusion or melting).
heat of sublimation → toplina sublimacije
Heat of sublimation or enthalpy of sublimation is the energy required to convert one mole of a substance from the solid to the gas state (sublimation) without the appearance of the liquid state.
heat of vaporisation → toplina isparavanja
Heat of vaporisation or enthalpy of vaporisation is the heat required to convert a substance from the liquid to the gaseous state with no temperature change (also called latent heat of vaporization).
critical temperature → kritična temperatura
Critical temperature is the temperature of the liquid-vapour critical point, that is, the temperature above which a gas cannot be liquefied by an increase of pressure.
cryogenic fluid → kriogenski fluid
Cryogenic fluids are used for accessing low temperatures, usually below -150 °C. Cryogenic temperatures are achieved by the rapid evaporation of volatile liquids. The most common laboratory cryogenic fluids are liquid nitrogen (-196 °C). Nitrogen gas is colorless and odorless. The cloud formed when pouring liquid nitrogen is condensed water vapour from the air, not nitrogen gas.
cryogenic fractionation → kriogena frakcinacija
Cryogenic fractionation is a process of separation of gases by cooling them until they enter their liquid state. Large scale gas production companies use this method to produce liquid oxygen, liquid nitrogen etc. Gases have different boiling points (the temperature at which they change from liquid to gas). Oxygen has a boiling point of -183 °C, and nitrogen a boiling point of -195.8 °C. Therefore by cooling the gas mixture to -183 °C, the oxygen can be collected as liquid and the nitrogen remains its gaseous form.
Curie → Curie
Maria Sklodowska-Curie (1867-1934) Polish-born French chemist who went to Paris in 1891. She married the physicist Pierre Curie (1859-1906) in 1985 and soon began work on seeking radioactive elements other than uranium in pitchblende (to account for its unexpectedly high radioactivity). By 1898 she had discovered radium and polonium although it took her years to purify them. In 1903 the Curies shared the Nobel Prize for physics with Henri Becquerel, who had discovered radioactivity.
honey → med
Honey is a sweet, amber colored, viscous fluid produced by honeybees from the nectar of flowers. It is composed primarily of fructose (about 40 %), glucose (about 35 %), and water (up to 20 %). In addition, honey contains sucrose, maltose, trisaccharides, and small amounts of minerals, vitamins, and enzymes.
Citing this page:
Generalic, Eni. "Tekući kristal." Croatian-English Chemistry Dictionary & Glossary. 29 June 2022. KTF-Split. {Date of access}. <https://glossary.periodni.com>.
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