CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

micelle    →   micele

Micelle is an electrically charged colloidal particle, usually organic in nature, composed of aggregates of large molecules, e.g., in soaps and surfactants. For aqueous solutions, the hydrophilic end of the molecule is on the surface of the micelle, while the hydrophobic end (often a hydrocarbon chain) points toward the centre.

monobasic acid    →   monobazična kiselina

Monobasic acids are acids that have only one replacable hydrogen atom per molecule (HCl, HNO₃).

Dalton’s law    →   Daltonov zakon

Dalton’s law of partial pressure says that the total pressure eof gaseous mixture is equal to the sum of all gases partial pressures which make that mixture on the condition that they do not interact.

For example, if dry oxygen gas at 900 hPa is saturated with water vapor at 56 hPa, the pressure of the wet gas is 956 hPa.

darmstadtium    →   darmstadtij

Darmstadtium was discovered by S. Hofmann et al. collaboration at the Heavy Ion Research Laboratory (Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung, GSI) in Darmstadt, Germany in November 1994. The title honours the Laboratory for Heavy Ion Research (called GSI) in Darmstadt, Germany, where the substance was first made. It is synthetic radioactive metal. The fusion-evaporation reaction using a ⁶²Ni beam on an isotopically enriched ²⁰⁸Pb target produced four chains of alpha-emitting nuclides following the presumed formation of ²⁶⁹110 + ¹n.

decomposition    →   raspadanje

Decomposition occurs when chemical compounds are broken up into simple molecules, and even as far as their original elements. These processes are normally irreversible. An example of decomposition is when ammonium nitrate is heated. This produces nitrous oxide and water which are unable to recombine.

degree    →   stupanj

1. Degree is a unit of temperature on a specified scale. The temperatures of boiling and freezing water are: in the Fahrenheit system 212 and 32 degrees; in the Celsius system 100 and 0 (zero) degrees.

2. Degree is a unit of angular measure. A circle is divided into 360 degrees, represented by the symbol °. Degrees are each divided into 60 minutes. Each minute has 60 seconds. Symbols for degree, minute, and second for plane angle is placed after the numerical value and a no space between the numerical value and the unit symbol (α = 2°3'4").

3. In algebra, the degree of a polynomial is the highest power of the variable in the polynomial. For example, 4x³ + 3x² + x + 7 have degree 3.

monovalent element    →   monovalentni element

Monovalent element having a valence of one, such as the hydrogen.

muriatic acid    →   murijatična kiselina

Muriatic acid is an obsolete name for hydrochloric acid (HCl). Lavoisier coined the name from the Latin word muria meaning brine.

napalm    →   napalm

Napalm is petrol jelled with aluminium soaps; highly incendiary liquid used in fire bombs and flame throwers.

nascent state    →   nascentno stanje

Nascent state is an especially active state of an element in a moment when it is released from a compound during chemical reaction, e.g. nascent hydrogen.