CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

carboxylic acids    →   karboksilne kiseline

Carboxylic acids are organic compounds characterized by the presence of one or more RC(=O)OH groups (the carboxyl group). In the systematic chemical nomenclature carboxylic acids names end in the suffix -oic (e.g. ethanoic acids, CH₃COOH). The carbon of the terminal group being counted as part of the chain. They are generally weak acids. Carboxylic acids include a large and important class of fatty acids and may be either saturated or unsaturated. There are also some natural aromatic carboxylic acids (benzoic, salicylic).

cathode    →   katoda

Cathode is a negative electrode of an electrolytic cell to which positively charged ions (cations) migrate when a current is passed as in electroplating baths.

In a primary or secondary cell (battery or accumulator) the cathode is the electrode that spontaneously becomes negative during discharge, and form which therefore electrons emerge.

In vacuum electronic devices electrons are emitted by the cathode and flow to the anode.

chlorine    →   klor

Chlorine was discovered by Carl William Scheele (Sweden) in 1774. The origin of the name comes from the Greek word chloros meaning pale green. It is greenish-yellow, disagreeable gas with irritating odour. Gas is toxic and severe irritant by contact or inhalation. Never found in free form in nature. Commercial quantities of chlorine are produced by electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride (NaCl) from seawater or brine from salt mines. Used in water purification, bleaches, acids and many, many other compounds such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFC).

corrosion    →   korozija

Corrosion is a harmful and undesirable construction material consumption by the chemical activity of its surroundings. Corrosion concept refers to metal and nonmetal construction materials, but it is usually used for metals, Corrosion of metal, according to the mechanism process, is divided into chemical (corrosion in nonelectrolytes) and electrochemical (corrosion in electrolytes).

Chemical corrosion appears by direct action of molecule of some element or compound on metal, thus directly creating corrosion products.

Electrochemical corrosion of metals occurs in electrolytes, so reduction of metal atom into free cation appears which by secondary processes gives molecules of compound which are considered a corrosion product.

paramagnetism    →   paramagnetizam

Paramagnetism is a type of magnetism characterised by a positive magnetic susceptibility, so that the material becomes weakly magnetised in the direction of an external field. The magnetisation disappears when the field in removed.

potential of decomposition    →   napon razlaganja

Potential of decomposition of some system is the least potential which should be applied so that electrolysis should occur.

primary amine    →   primarni amin

Primary amine is an amine on which there is only one alkyl group bonded, it is a weak base, and has a fish odour.

sand    →   pijesak

Sand is loose particles of hard, broken rock or minerals, with a diameter of between 0.02 mm and 2 mm. Sand is the most common form of silica used in making glass.

transference number    →   prijenosni broj

Transference number of an ion is the fraction of the total current that is carried by that ion during electrolysis. Different ions carry different fractions of the current because different ions move at different speeds under the same potential gradient. In general, a cation and an anion differ in the amount of current they can carry during electrolysis.

coulometer    →   kulometar

Coulometer is a type of electrolysis cell which is used for measuring the quantity of one element released during electrolysis.