CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

face-centered cubic lattice    →   plošno centrirana kubična rešetka

Face-centered cubic lattice (fcc or cubic-F), like all lattices, has lattice points at the eight corners of the unit cell plus additional points at the centers of each face of the unit cell. It has unit cell vectors a =b =c and interaxial angles α=β=γ=90°.

The simplest crystal structures are those in which there is only a single atom at each lattice point. In the fcc structures the spheres fill 74 % of the volume. The number of atoms in a unit cell is four (8×1/8 + 6×1/2 = 4). There are 26 metals that have the fcc lattice.

face-centered orthorhombic lattice    →   plošno centrirana ortorompska rešetka

Face-centered orthorhombic lattice (orthorhombic-F), like all lattices, has lattice points at the eight corners of the unit cell plus additional points at the centers of each face of the unit cell. It has unit cell vectors a≠b≠c and interaxial angles α=β=γ=90°.

solid solution    →   čvrste otopine

Solid solution is a crystalline material that is a mixture of two or more components, with ions, atoms, or molecules of one component replacing some of the ions, atoms of the other component in its normal crystal lattice.

strength    →   čvrstoća

Strength is a mechanical characteristic of a solid body, that gives the resistance to cutting. The solid body comprises from one to more crystals.

transitional temperature    →   prijelazna temperatura

Transitional temperature is a temperature at which the crossing from one kind of crystals to another appears to be of the same matter (polymorphy).

unhydrate    →   nehidrat

Unhydrate is a salt that does not contain crystal water, unhydrated salt.

urethane    →   uretan

Urethane is actually a misnomer as applied to polyurethane foam. It is a colorless, crystalline substance used primarily in medicines, pesticides, and fungicides. Urethane is not used in the production of urethane polymers or foams. The urethanes of the plastics industry are so named because the repeating units of their structures resemble the chemical urethane.

filter paper    →   filtar papir

Filter paper is a quantitative paper used for filtering and made of pure cellulose treated with hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acid. This kind of paper burns out practically without any remains (less than 0.0001 g ashes). Different types of paper are marked with numbers; qualitative bears marking 595 or 597 and quantitative 589 or 590. Dependable upon precipitate character, different types of filter paper are used:

• black band (589¹) - 100 mL of fluid flows through it in 20 s to 30 s. It is used for filtering of gelatinous precipitates.
• white band (589²) - 100 mL of fluid flows through it in 40 s to 60 s. It is used for coarse crystalline precipitates filtration.
• blue band (589³) - 100 mL of fluid flows through it in 200 s to 400 s. It is used for fine crystalline precipitates.

fructose    →   fruktoza

Fructose (fruit sugar) is a ketohexose (a six-carbon ketonic sugar), which occurs in sweet fruits and honey. Glucose and fructose have the same molecular formula, C₆H₁₂O₆, but have different structures. Pure, dry fructose is a very sweet, white, odorless, crystalline solid. Fructose is one of the sweetest of all sugars and is combined with glucose to make sucrose, or common table sugar. An older common name for fructose is levulose, after its levorotatory property of rotating plane polarized light to the left (in contrast to glucose which is dextrorotatory). The polysaccharide inulin is a polymer of fructose.

gold    →   zlato

Gold has been known since ancient times. The origin of the name comes from the Latin word aurum meaning gold. It is soft, malleable, bright yellow metal. Unaffected by air, water, alkalis and most acids. Gold is found in veins in the crust, with copper ore and native. Used in electronics, jewellery and coins. It is a good reflector of infrared radiation, so a thin film of gold is applied to the glass of skyscrapers to reduce internal heating from sunlight.