CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

substrate    →   supstrat

1. Substrate is a surface upon which an organism grows, sometimes by using chemicals of particles in the material as food

2. Substrate is a substance that is acted upon by an enzyme during a biochemical reaction.

3. Substrate is the material or product that is to be coated (for example, paint or laminate.).

hydrogen    →   vodik

Hydrogen was discovered by Sir Henry Cavendish (England) in 1766. The origin of the name comes from the Greek words hydro and genes meaning water and generate. It is colourless, odourless gas, burns and forms explosive mixtures in air. Reacts violently with oxidants. Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe. Commercial quantities of hydrogen are produced by reacting superheated steam with methane or carbon. In lab work from reaction of metals with acid solutions or electrolysis. Most hydrogen is used in the production of ammonia and in metal refining. Also used as fuel in rockets. Its two heavier isotopes (deuterium and tritium) used respectively for nuclear fusion.

hydrolysis    →   hidroliza

Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in which water reacts with another substance to form two or more new substances. This involves ionisation of the water molecule, as well as splitting of the compound hydrolysed, e.g.

Examples are conversion of starch to glucose by water in the presence of suitable catalysts and a reaction of the ions of a dissolved salt to form various products, such as acids, complex ions, etc.

termination    →   terminacija

Termination is the final step in a free radical mechanism that results in the stopping of the free radical reaction.

theoretical yield    →   teoretski prinos

Theoretical yield is the maximum quantity of a product that could be formed in a chemical reaction if all the limiting reactants reacted to form products (distinguished from actual yield).

theories of catalysis    →   teorije katalize

Theories of catalysis explain the influence of the catalysts upon the rate of a reaction by describing the detailed mechanism by which the catalyst is involved in the steps of the chemical reaction.

thermit welding    →   termitno zavarivanje

Thermit welding is a group of welding processes in which fusion is produced by heating with superheated liquid metal resulting from a chemical reaction between a metal oxide and aluminium.

thermochemistry    →   termokemija

Termochemistry is the study of heat absorbed or released during chemical changes.

inert electrode    →   inertna elektroda

Inert electrode is an electrode that serves only as a source or sink for electrons without playing a chemical role in the electrode reaction. Precious metals, mercury, and carbon are typically used as inert electrodes. The inert nature of the electrode can sometimes be questioned. While the electrode may not take part in the reaction as a reactant or product, it still can act as an electrocatalyst.

ion-product constant    →   ionski produkt vode

The ion-product constant. For the reaction:

the equilibrium expression would be:

Note that all pure liquid terms are omitted, hence H₂O does not appear in the denominator. At 25 °C