CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

berkelium    →   berkelij

Berkelium was discovered by Stanley G. Thompson, Albert Ghiorso and Glenn T. Seaborg (USA) in 1949. Named after Berkeley, a city in California, home of the University of California, USA. It is synthetic radioactive metal. Berkelium was made by bombarding americium with alpha particles.

beta radiation    →   beta zračenje

Streams of beta particles are known as beta ray or beta radiation. Beta rays may cause skin burns and are harmful within the body. A thin sheet of metal can afford protection to the skin.

bohrium    →   bohrij

Bohrium was discovered by Peter Armbruster, Gottfried Münzenber and their co-workers at the Heavy Ion Research Laboratory (Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung, GSI) in Darmstadt, Germany in 1981. Named in honour of Niels Bohr, the Danish physicist. It is synthetic radioactive metal. Bohrium was produced by bombarding bismuth-204 with chromium-54.

cadmium coating    →   kadmiranje

Cadmium coating is a galvanic coating of metallic objects with a cadmium layer for corrosion resistance.

californium    →   kalifornij

Californium was discovered by Stanley G. Thompson, Kenneth Street Jr. and Albert Ghiorso (USA) in 1950. Named after the State and University of California, USA. It is synthetic radioactive metal. Powerful neutron emitter. Californium was made by bombarding curium with helium ions.

artificial radioactive isotope    →   umjetni radioaktivni izotop

Artificial radioactive isotopes are formed when an atom is bombed with an accelerator or exposing it to slow moving neutrons in a nuclear reactor. In this way isotopes (radionuclides) are obtained which are non-existent in nature because of their unstability and radioactive transition into stable isotopes. Most important radioactive isotopes are:

Radioactive isotope of cobalt is formed when ordinary metal cobalt is bombed with neutrons in a nuclear reactor.

Radioactive isotope of phosphorus is formed when ordinary phosphorus is bombed with deuterons produced in cyclotron.

radioactive isotope of carbon is formed when a nitrogen is bombed with slow moving neutrons in a nuclear reactor. It is mostly used as a radioactive indicator.

barium    →   barij

Barium was discovered by Sir Humphry Davy (England) in 1808. The origin of the name comes from the Greek word barys meaning heavy. It is soft, slightly malleable, silvery-white metal. Attacked by air and water. Soluble compounds toxic by ingestion. Barium is found in barytine (BaSO₄) and witherite (BaCO₃), never found in pure form due to its reactivity. Must be stored under kerosene to remain pure. Barite, or barium sulfate (BaSO₄), when ground is used as a filter for rubber, plastics and resins. It is insoluble in water and so is used in X-rays of the digestive system. Barium nitrate, Ba(NO₃)₂, burns brilliant green and is used in fireworks.

carbonates    →   karbonati

Carbonates are compounds composed of metal cation and carbonate anion (CO₃^2-), salts of carbonic acid.

cementation    →   cementacija

Cementation is any metallurgical process in which the surfaces of a metal is impregnated by some other substance, especially an obsolete process for making steel by heating bars of wrought iron to red heat for several days in a bed of charcoal.

ceramics    →   keramika

Ceramics are an inorganic material of a very high melting point. Ceramics are metal silicates, oxides, nitrides, etc.