CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

chemisorption    →   kemisorpcija

Chemisorption is a binding of a liquid or gas on the surface or in the interior of a solid by chemical bonds or forces.

coal    →   ugljen

Coal is a black or brownish-black, combustible sedimentary rock, with 30 % (lignite) to 98 % (anthracite) carbon by weight, mixed with various amounts of water and small amounts of sulfur and nitrogen compounds. It is formed from plant matter that decayed in swamps and bogs that has been compressed and altered by geological processes over millions of years. Coal is primarily used as a fuel.

coke    →   koks

Coke is a hard, dry carbon substance produced by heating coal to a very high temperature in the absence of air. It is used in the manufacture of iron and steel.

change of state    →   promjena stanja

Change of state is a physical change which appears when a substance crosses from one state into another. This usually happens because of the change of energy of particles provoked by heating or cooling.

chemical change    →   kemijska promjena

Chemical change is a process which results in the production of one or more new materials. The system within which the process takes place is called a chemical system. A chemical change is also known as a chemical reaction, where one substance is converted into one or more different substances. When sodium and chlorine react to produce sodium chloride, a chemical reaction has taken place.

chemical equation    →   kemijska jednadžba

Chemical equation is a way of denoting a chemical reaction using the symbol for the participating particles (atoms, molecules, ions, etc.); for example,

The single arrow is used for an irreversible reaction; double arrows are used for reversible reactions. When reactions involve different phases, it is usual to put the phase in brackets after the symbol.

The numbers a, b, c, and d, showing the relative numbers of molecules reacting, are called the stoichiometric coefficients. The convention is that stoichiometric coefficients are positive for reactants and negative for products. If the sum of the coefficients is zero, the equation is balanced.

colorimetry    →   kolorimetrija

Colorimetry is a quantitative chemical analysis by colour using a colorimeter.

combustion    →   gorenje

Combustion is a phenomenon when a substance is combined with oxygen in the presence of a flame accompanied by the production of heat and light. Combustion requires a supply of both fuel and oxygen (air) and can take place in the open atmosphere such as an open fire, or in a closed system, such as a car engine.

concentrated solution    →   koncentrirana otopina

Concentrated solution is a solution that contains a large amount of solute relative to the amount that could dissolve.

contaminant    →   kontaminat

Contaminants are any physical, chemical, biological, or radiological substance or matter in water that may be harmful to human health or which degrade the palatability of water.