CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

freon    →   freon

Freon (chlorofluorocarbon, CFC) a type of compound in which some or all of the hydrogen atoms of hydrocarbon (usually an alkane) have been replaced by chlorine and fluorine atoms. Most CFC are chemically uncreative and are stable at high temperatures. They are used as aerosol propellants, refrigerants, and solvents, and in the manufacture of rigid packaging foam. CFC because of their chemical inertness, can diffuse unchanged into the upper atmosphere. Here, photochemical reactions cause them to break down and react with ozone. For his reason, their use has been discouraged.

fugacity    →   fugacitet

Fugacity (f) is a thermodynamic function used in place of partial pressure in reactions involving real gases and mixtures. For a component of a mixture, it is defined by

where μ is the chemical potential.

The fugacity of a gas is equal to the pressure if the gas is ideal. The fugacity of a liquid or solid is the fugacity of the vapour with which it is in equilibrium. The ratio of the fugacity to the fugacity in some standard state is the activity.

gas washing bottle    →   boca ispiralica

Gas washing bottle or Drechsel bottle provide an inexpensive but effective method for washing or drying gases. The gas enters the bottle through the top of the central vertical tube, the lower end of which is below the surface of the washing medium. To maximize surface area contact of the gas to the liquid, a gas stream is slowly blown into the vessel through the fritted glass tip so that it breaks up the gas into many tiny bubbles. After bubbling through the medium, the gas rises to the top and exits through the side tube. It is named after the German chemist Edmund Drechsel (1843-1897).

Newtonian fluid    →   Newtonski fluid

Newtonian fluid is a fluid whose viscosity does not depend on gradients in flow speed. Gases and low-molecular weight liquids are usually Newtonian fluids.

non-polar solvent    →   nepolarno otapalo

Non-polar solvent is a liquid with non-polar molecules. It dissolves covalent compounds, non-water solvent.

normal boiling point    →   normalno vrelište

Normal boiling point is a temperature at which pressure of liquid vapour is 101 325 Pa.

organic solvent    →   organsko otapalo

Organic solvent is an organic liquid in which organic (non-polar) substances melt.

ozonide    →   ozonid

Ozonides are explosive organic compounds, mainly oleaginous foul liquids. They emerge in the process of ozonization from some satiated compounds. They are important for structure determining.

permeability    →   permeabilnost

Permeability (Latin permeare, to pass through) is a passage or diffusion of a gas, vapour, liquid, or solid through a material without physically or chemically affecting it.

polar solvent    →   polarno otapalo

Polar solvent is a liquid with polar molecules which dissolves polar compounds, because the charges on the endings of the solvent’s molecules attract the elements from ion crystals.