CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

normal boiling point    →   normalno vrelište

Normal boiling point is a temperature at which pressure of liquid vapour is 101 325 Pa.

nucleon    →   nukleon

Nucleon is a collective term for the proton and neutron.

nucleophile    →   nukleofil

Nucleophiles are negatively charged or bear a partial negative charge. Examples are lone pairs or a hydroxide ion.

nuclide    →   nuklid

Nuclide is a species of atoms in which each atom has identical atomic number Z and identical mass number A. For example, a carbon-14 (C-14 or ¹⁴C) nuclide is the nucleus of a carbon atom, which has six protons and eight neutrons.

nylon    →   najlon

Nylons are synthetic polyamide fibres that have elastic properties and are used for making textile products and screen mesh.

octane number    →   oktanski broj

Octane number is the assay mark of the liquid motor fuel which shows its anti-knock value. n-heptane, which detonates very easily, has o.n. 0, whereas isooctane, which does not detonate, has o.n. 100. By mixing these hydrocarbons we obtain fuels of different qualities, with values of octane number between 0 and 100.

Froude number    →   Froudova značajka

Froude number (Fr) is a dimensionless quantity used in fluid mechanics, defined by

where v is velocity, l is length, and g is acceleration due to gravity.

quantum numbers    →   kvantni brojevi

Quantum numbers describe the distance, shape and orientation of electronic orbitals.

size of the nucleus    →   veličina jezgre

Size of the nucleus was measured by Lord Rutherford using the scattering patterns of alpha particles passing through a gold foil. It is 10^-15 m.

spin quantum number    →   spinski kvantni broj

Spin quantum number (m_s) is the quantum number for the electron having values +¹⁄₂ and -¹⁄₂. Serves to differentiate between two electrons in the same orbital.