CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY
heat capacity → toplinski kapacitet
Heat capacity is defined in general as dQ/dT, where dQ is the amount of heat that must be added to a system to increase its temperature by a small amount dT. The heat capacity at a constant pressure is Cp = (∂H/∂T)p; that at a constant volume is CV = (∂E/∂T)V, where H is enthalpy, E is internal energy, p is pressure, V is volume, and T is temperature. An upper case C normally indicates the molar heat capacity, while a lower case c is used for the specific (per unit mass) heat capacity.
ideal gas law → jednadžba stanja idealnog plina
The generalized ideal gas law is derived from a combination of the laws of Boyle and Charles. Ideal gas law is the equation of state
which defines an ideal gas, where p is pressure, V molar volume, T temperature, and R the molar gas constant (8.314 JK-1mol-1).
Joule-Thomson’s effect → Joule-Thomsonov efekt
Temperature of ideal gas will not be changed when it is repressed to a lower pressure, but when real gases are repressed to a lower pressure, a lower or higher temperature change appears under high pressures. The temperature change which appears at real gas expansion in a system into which energy is not brought is called Joule-Thomson’s effect. It was determined that when air is repressed by 1 bar, its temperature drops by 0.25 °C. That minute effect is completely irrelevant for most technical processes, but is also used in gas liquefying procedure.
kelvin → kelvin
Kelvin (K) is the SI base unit of thermodynamic temperature.
The kelvin, unit of thermodynamic temperature, is the fraction 1/273.16 of the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water. The unit was named after the British scientist Sir. W. Thompson, Lord Kelvin (1824-1907).melting point → talište
Melting point is the temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid at normal atmospheric pressure.
A more specific definition of melting point (or freezing point) is the temperature at which the solid and liquid phases of a substance are in equilibrium at a specified pressure (normally taken to be atmospheric unless stated otherwise). A pure substance under standard condition of pressure has a single reproducible melting point. The terms melting point and freezing point are often used interchangeably, depending on whether the substance is being heated or cooled.
metallic glass → metalno staklo
Certain alloys can solidify by extremely rapid cooling out of melt without formation of a crystal lattice, that is in the amorphous form - such, amorphous alloys are so called metallic glasses. The alloy of zirconium, beryllium, titanium, copper, and nickel is one of the first metallic glasses that can be made in bulk and formed into strong, hard, useful objects.
Unlike pure metals and most metal alloys, metallic glasses have no regular crystalline structure. This lack of long range order or microstructure is related to such desirable features as strength and low damping which is one reason why the premier use for zirconium-based metallic glass is in the manufacture of expensive golf club heads. Metallic glasses can be quite strong yet highly elastic, and they can also be quite tough (resistant to fracture). Even more interesting are the thermal properties; for instance, just like an oxide glass, there is a temperature (called the glass transition temperature) above which a metallic glass becomes quite soft and flows easily. This means that there are lots of opportunities for easily forming metallic glasses into complex shapes.
normal conditions → normalni uvjeti
Gas is under normal (or standard) conditions when: p0 = 105 Pa and T0 = 273.15 K (0 °C). IUPAC recommends that the former use of the pressure of 1 atm as standard pressure (equivalent to 101 325 Pa) should be discontinued. At these conditions, the molar volume of gas Vm0 is 0.022 711 m3 (22.711 L).
Citing this page:
Generalic, Eni. "Parcijalni tlak." Croatian-English Chemistry Dictionary & Glossary. 29 June 2022. KTF-Split. {Date of access}. <https://glossary.periodni.com>.
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