CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

mutagenic substance    →   mutagena tvar

Mutagenic substances are substances that cause mutation, a change in inheritable properties of an organism.

neutral substance    →   neutralna tvar

Neutral substance is a substance that shows no acid or base properties, has an equal number of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions and does not change the colour of litmus-paper.

optically active matter    →   optički aktivna tvar

Optically active matter, by polarized light passing through it, turns the flat of polarized light leftwards or rightwards.

surfactant    →   površinski aktivna tvar

Surfactants are substances which diminish the surface tension of liquids.

abundance of substances    →   rasprostranjenost tvari

Abundance of substances is the ratio of the total mass of a specified element in the Earth’s crust to the total mass of the Earth’s crust. It is often expressed as a percentage.

carcinogen    →   kancerogene tvari

Carcinogen is any substance that can cause or contribute to the production of cancer.

activity    →   aktivitet

Activity (a) is a thermodynamic function used in place of concentration in equilibrium constants for reactions involving nonideal gases and solutions. For the species i activity is defined as

where a_i is the activity of the species i, c_i is its molar concentration, and f_i is a dimensionless quantity called the activity coefficient.

amount concentration    →   količinska koncentracija

Amount concentration (also called molar concentration and in older literature molarity) is the amount of a given substance in a stated unit of a mixture, solution, or ore. The common unit is mole per cubic decimetre (moldm⁻³) or mole per litre (molL^-1) sometimes denoted by M.

The concentration of an atom, ion, or molecule in a solution may be symbolised by the use of square brackets, as [Ca²⁺].

boiling point elevation    →   povišenje vrelišta

Boiling point elevation is an elevation of the boiling point of a solvent is observed when substances are dissolved in it. The amount by which the boiling point is elevated is proportional to the number of molecules of solute and independent of their nature.

amount fraction    →   količinski udio

Amount fraction, x_A, (y for gaseous mixtures) is the ratio of the amount of substance (number of moles) of substance A to the total amount of substance in a mixture.