CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

petrochemicals    →   petrokemikalije

Petrochemicals are the industrially important organic chemicals which are derived from petroleum or natural gas.

petroleum ether    →   petroleter

Petroleum ether is the petroleum fraction consisting of C₅ and C₆ hydrocarbons and boiling in the range 35 °C to 60 °C; commonly used as a laboratory solvent.

pigment    →   pigment

Pigments are the substances that give paint colour. Pigments are derived from natural or synthetic materials that have been ground into fine powders. A pigment is different from a dye in that a pigment is insoluble in the media in which it is used.

Pigment is an organic substance found in plant and animal cells that creates colouring.

pit coal    →   kameni ugljen

Pit coal is natural black coal that has a carbon content of 75 %-90 %. It is an important raw material in organic industry

limestone    →   vapnenac

Limestone is a sedimentary rock composed primarily of calcium carbonate in the form of the mineral calcite.. Some 10 % to 15 % of all sedimentary rocks are limestones. Limestone is usually organic, but it may also be inorganic. Calcium carbonate may have been directly precipitated from the sea-water or by the lithification of coral reefs, marine organism shells, or marine organism skeletons.

mercury    →   živa

Mercury has been known since ancient times. The origin of the name comes from the Latin word hydrargyrum meaning liquid silver. It is heavy, silver-white metal, liquid at ordinary temperatures. Stable in air and water. Unreactive with alkalis and most acids. Gives off poisonous vapour. Chronic cumulative effects. Mercury only rarely occurs free in nature. The chief ore is cinnabar or mercury sulfide (HgS). Used in thermometers, barometers and batteries. Also used in electrical switches and mercury-vapour lighting products.

meta position    →   meta položaj

Meta position in organic chemistry is the one in which there are two same functional groups tied to a ring of benzene in position 1 and 3. The abbreviation m- is used, for example, m-Hydroquinone is 1,3-dihydroxybenzene.

molality    →   molalitet

Molality or molal concentration (b; formerly m) is a concentration in which the amount of solute is stated in moles and the amount of solvent in kilograms.

The unit of molality is mol kg^-1.

protein    →   bjelančevina

Proteins are natural organic compounds of animal or herbal origin, essential in diet. They are natural polymers developed from a crowd of interconnecting monomers of amino acids, with relative molecular masses amounting up to a few million.

solute    →   otopljena tvar

Solute is a substance that has been dissolved or could be dissolved in another substance (solvent).