CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

carboxylate ion    →   karboksilatni ion

Carboxylate ion is gained when carboxylic acid reacts with water.

Bunsen’s cell    →   Bunsenov članak

Bunsen’s cell is a primary cell devised by Robert W. Bunsen consisting of a zinc cathode immersed in dilute sulphuric acid and carbon anode immersed in concentrated nitric acid. The electrolytes are separated by a porous pot. The cell gives an e.m.f. of about 1.9 V.

cadmium    →   kadmij

Cadmium was discovered by Friedrich Strohmeyer (Germany) in 1817. The origin of the name comes from the Latin word cadmia meaning calamine (zinc carbonate, ZnCO₃), or from the Greek word kadmeia with the same meaning. It is soft, malleable, blue-white metal. Tarnishes in air, soluble in acids, insoluble in alkalis. Boiling cadmium gives off a weird, yellow-colored vapour that is poisonous. Cadmium can cause a variety of health problems, including kidney failure and high blood pressure. Cadmium is obtained as a by product of zinc refining. The mayor use of cadmium is in electroplating of steel to protect it from corrosion. Also used to make nickel-cadmium batteries. The ability of cadmium to adsorb neutrons has made it of great importance in the design of nuclear reactors. Its compounds are found in paint pigments and a wide variety of intense colours.

carbon    →   ugljik

Carbon has been known since ancient times. The origin of the name comes from the Latin word carbo meaning charcoal. Graphite form of carbon is a black, odourless, slippery solid. Graphite sublimes at 3825 °C. Diamond form is a clear or colored; an extremely hard solid. C60 is Buckminsterfullerine. Carbon black burns readily with oxidants. Carbon is made by burning organic compounds with insufficient oxygen. There are close to ten million known carbon compounds, many thousands of which are vital to organic and life processes. Radiocarbon dating uses the carbon-14 isotope to date old objects.

carboxylates    →   karboksilati

Carboxylates is a common name for all salts that carboxylic acids yield by reacting with hydroxides, carbonates, bicarbonates and other alkaline reagents.

carmine    →   karmin

Carmine is a bright crimson red colour gained from a type of plant lice. Its main ingredient is carmine acid, and it is often used in the colouring of cosmetics, medicines, foods.

cation exchange    →   kationski izmjenjivač

Cation exchange is a cationic resin has positive ions built into its structure and therefore exchanges negative ions. In the cation exchange, the side groups are ionised acidic groups, such as (-SO₃H, -COOH, -OH) to which cations H⁺ are attached. The exchange reaction is one in which different cations in the solution displace the H⁺ from the solid.

chemical cleaning    →   kemijsko čišćenje

Chemical cleaning is a removal of fatty and other impurities combined with it from fabrics with the help of organic solvents.

chemical raw material    →   kemijske sirovine

Chemical raw material are petroleum fractions used for obtaining organic chemicals, those are mostly refined gas and petroleum or fraction parts of petrol.

chlorination    →   kloriranje

1. Chlorination is an addition or substitution of chlorine in organic compounds.

2. Chlorination is a sterilisation of drinking and swimming pool water or oxidation of undesirable impurities, using chlorine or its compounds.