CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY
alkanes → alkani
Alkanes (paraffins) are acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n+2, and therefore consisting entirely of hydrogen atoms and saturated carbon atoms. In the systematic chemical nomenclature alkane names end in the suffix -ane. They form a homologous series (the alkane series) methane (CH4), ethane (C2H6), propane (C3H8), butane (C4H10), etc. The lower members of the series are gases; the high-molecular mass alkanes are waxy solid. Generaly the alkanes are fairly unreactive. They form haloalkanes with halogens when irradiated with ultraviolet radiation. Alkanes are present in natural gas and petroleum.
alkenes → alkeni
Alkenes are acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having one or more double carbon-carbon bonds in their molecules. In the systematic chemical nomenclature, alkene names end in the suffix -ene. The general formula is CnH(2n+2)-2x were x is the number of double bonds. Alkenes that have only one double bond form a homologous series: ethene (ethylene), CH2=CH2, propene, CH3CH2=CH2, etc. Alkenes typically undergo addition reactions to the double bond.
alkynes → alkini
Alkynes (acetylenes) are acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having one or more triple carbon-carbon bond. In the systematic chemical nomenclature alkyne names end in the suffix -yne. The general formula is CnH(2n+2)-4x were x is the number of triple bonds. Alkynes that have only one triple bond form a homologous series: ethyne (acetylene), CH≡CH, propyne, CH3CH≡CH, etc. Like alkenes, alkynes undergo addition reaction.
amperometry → amperometrija
Amperometry is determining the concentration of a material in a sample by measuring electric current passing through a cell containing the solution.
atom marking → markiranje atoma
Atom marking is a process of infusing radioactive isotopes in live organism, with the purpose of revealing a way, diffusion, or a role of certain substance.
Avogadro, Amadeo → Avogadro, Amadeo
Amadeo Avogadro (1776-1856) is an Italian chemist and physicist that proposed a correct molecular explanation for Gay-Lussac’s law of combining volumes. His work provided a simple way to determine atomic weights and molecular weights of gases. He is published a theory about the movement of particles in gases that became known as Avogadro’s Law.
berkelium → berkelij
Berkelium was discovered by Stanley G. Thompson, Albert Ghiorso and Glenn T. Seaborg (USA) in 1949. Named after Berkeley, a city in California, home of the University of California, USA. It is synthetic radioactive metal. Berkelium was made by bombarding americium with alpha particles.
Citing this page:
Generalic, Eni. "Određivanje starosti radioaktivnim ugljikom." Croatian-English Chemistry Dictionary & Glossary. 29 June 2022. KTF-Split. {Date of access}. <https://glossary.periodni.com>.
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