CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

acetate    →   acetat

1. Acetate is an ion formed by removing the acidic hydrogen from acetic acid, HC₂H₃O₂.

2. Acetate is a compound derived by replacing the acidic hydrogen in acetic acid.

3. Acetate is a fibre made of cellulose acetate.

acid radical    →   kiseli radikal

Acid radical is an anion left after removal of hydrogen atoms from an acid.

acid salt    →   kisela sol

Acid salt is a compound formed by replacing hydrogen in an acid with a metal (or a radical that acts like a metal).

acid-base indicator    →   kiselo-bazni indikator

Acid-base indicator is a weak acid or weak base, such as litmus, methyl orange or phenolphthalein, which changes colour when it gains or loses an H⁺ ion.

acid-base titration    →   kiselo-bazna titracija

Acid-base titration is an analytical technique in volumetric analysis, where an acid of known concentration is used to neutralise a known volume of a base, and the observed volume of the acid required is used to determine the unknown concentration of the base. An acid-base indicator is used to determine the end-point of the titration.

acidic    →   kiseo

Acid is a term used when describing a substance with the properties of an acid.

acylaction reaction    →   reakcije aciliranja

Acylaction reaction involves the introduction of an acyl group (RCO-) into a compound. An alkyl halide is reacted with an alcohol or a carboxylic acid anhydride e.g.

The introduction of an acetyl group (CH₃CO-) is acetylation, a process used for protecting -OH groups in organic synthesis.

alanine    →   alanin

Alanine is hydrophobic amino acids with aliphatic side chain. It is the second simplest amino acid, but used the most in proteins. The nonpolar hydrophobic amino acids tend to cluster together within proteins, stabilizing protein structure by means of hydrophobic interactions. Alanine is a nonessential amino acid, meaning it can be manufactured by the human body, and does not need to be obtained directly through the diet.

• Abbreviations: Ala, A
• IUPAC name: 2-aminopropanoic acid
• Molecular formula: C₃H₇NO₂
• Molecular weight: 89.09 g/mol

alkalinity    →   alkalitet

Alkalinity is a measure of a material’s ability to neutralize acids. It is usually determined using titration.

americium    →   americij

Americium was discovered by Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Stanley G. Thompson and Albert Ghiorso (USA) in 1944. Named for the American continent. It is silvery-white, artificially produced radioactive metal. Americium was produced by bombarding plutonium with neutrons. Americium-241 is currently used in smoke detectors.