CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

quantum numbers    →   kvantni brojevi

Quantum numbers describe the distance, shape and orientation of electronic orbitals.

spin quantum number    →   spinski kvantni broj

Spin quantum number (m_s) is the quantum number for the electron having values +¹⁄₂ and -¹⁄₂. Serves to differentiate between two electrons in the same orbital.

quantum chemistry    →   kvantna kemija

Quantum chemistry is a theoretical branch of chemistry that concerns the application of quantum mechanics to chemical problems.

alkenes    →   alkeni

Alkenes are acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having one or more double carbon-carbon bonds in their molecules. In the systematic chemical nomenclature, alkene names end in the suffix -ene. The general formula is C_nH_(2n+2)-2x were x is the number of double bonds. Alkenes that have only one double bond form a homologous series: ethene (ethylene), CH₂=CH₂, propene, CH₃CH₂=CH₂, etc. Alkenes typically undergo addition reactions to the double bond.

alkynes    →   alkini

Alkynes (acetylenes) are acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having one or more triple carbon-carbon bond. In the systematic chemical nomenclature alkyne names end in the suffix -yne. The general formula is C_nH_(2n+2)-4x were x is the number of triple bonds. Alkynes that have only one triple bond form a homologous series: ethyne (acetylene), CH≡CH, propyne, CH₃CH≡CH, etc. Like alkenes, alkynes undergo addition reaction.

Balmer series    →   Balmerova serija

Balmer series, Balmer lines is a series of lines in the emission spectrum of hydrogen that involve transitions to the n=2 state from states with n>2.

chemical equation    →   kemijska jednadžba

Chemical equation is a way of denoting a chemical reaction using the symbol for the participating particles (atoms, molecules, ions, etc.); for example,

The single arrow is used for an irreversible reaction; double arrows are used for reversible reactions. When reactions involve different phases, it is usual to put the phase in brackets after the symbol.

The numbers a, b, c, and d, showing the relative numbers of molecules reacting, are called the stoichiometric coefficients. The convention is that stoichiometric coefficients are positive for reactants and negative for products. If the sum of the coefficients is zero, the equation is balanced.

electron spin    →   elektronski spin

Electron spin (s) is the quantum number, equal to 1/2, that specifies the intrinsic angular momentum of the electron.

isobars    →   izobari

Isobars are nuclides having the same mass number but different atomic numbers. ⁵⁴Cr and ⁵⁴Fe, ¹¹²Cd and ¹¹²Sn are isobars.

Einstein, Albert    →   Einstein, Albert

Albert Einstein (1879-1955) is a German born American physicist, who took Swiss nationality in 1901. A year later he went to work in the Bern patent office. In 1905. he published five enormously influential papers, one on Brownian movement, one on the photoelectric effect, one on the special theory of relativity, and one on energy and inertia (which included the famous expression E = mc²). In 1915 he published the general theory of relativity, concerned mainly with gravitation. In 1921 he was awarded the Nobel Prize. In 1933, as a Jew, Einstein decided to remain in the USA (where he was lecturing), as Hitler had come to power. For the remainder of his life he sought a unified field theory. In 1939 he informed president Roosevelt that an atom bomb was feasible and that. Germany might be able to make one.