CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

ice    →   led

Ice is a solid form of water. Water expands when it freezes due to hydrogen bonds thus making ice less density than water so it floats on it.

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isomorphism    →   izomorfija

Isomorphism is the existence of two or more substances that have the same crystal structure, so that they form solid solutions.

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liquid crystal    →   tekući kristal

Liquid crystals or crystalline liquids are a physical state between crystals and melts. The liquid crystalline phase - the so-called mesophase - is formed at the melting point. The most important (usable) mesophases are nematic, cholesteric and smectic phase, having different molecular orientations.

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monochromator    →   monokromator

Monochromator (from the Greek words mono and chroma meaning single and colour) is an optical device based on dispersion of light by one or more prisms or diffraction gratings into its constituent wavelengths, which are utilized in turn.

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polymorphic transition    →   polimorfni prijelaz

Polymorphic transition is a reversible transition of a solid crystalline phase at a certain temperature and pressure to another phase of the same chemical composition with a different crystal structure. For examples, the transitions of quartz (SiO₂) at 1 143 K to tridymite, and at 1 743 K to cristobalite.

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recrystallisation    →   rekristalizacija

Recrystallisation is a formation of a new, strain free grain structure from the existing one in cold worked metal, usually accomplished by heating. The change from one crystal structure to another, as occurs on heating or cooling through a critical temperature.

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solid solution    →   čvrste otopine

Solid solution is a crystalline material that is a mixture of two or more components, with ions, atoms, or molecules of one component replacing some of the ions, atoms of the other component in its normal crystal lattice.

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transitional temperature    →   prijelazna temperatura

Transitional temperature is a temperature at which the crossing from one kind of crystals to another appears to be of the same matter (polymorphy).

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unhydrate    →   nehidrat

Unhydrate is a salt that does not contain crystal water, unhydrated salt.

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urethane    →   uretan

Urethane is actually a misnomer as applied to polyurethane foam. It is a colorless, crystalline substance used primarily in medicines, pesticides, and fungicides. Urethane is not used in the production of urethane polymers or foams. The urethanes of the plastics industry are so named because the repeating units of their structures resemble the chemical urethane.

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