CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

neoprene    →   neopren

Neoprene is a synthetic rubber made by polymerising the compound 2-chlorobuta-1,2-diene. Neoprene is often used in place of natural rubber in applications requiring resistance to chemical attack.

organic    →   organski

1. Organic refers to any chemical compound based on carbon (C) with the exception of some of the simple compounds of carbon, such as carbon dioxide, which are frequently classified as inorganic compounds. Additional elements that are commonly found in organic compounds are hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), phosphorus (P) and sulfur (S).

2. Organic or organically-grown foods are grown or raised without synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, growth stimulators, or antibiotics and other drugs. Pests are controlled by cultivation techniques and the use of pesticides derived from natural sources and the use of natural fertilizers. In addition, organically grown foods must also be stored without the use of chemicals such as artificial additives and preservatives, and without food irradiation.

petrochemicals    →   petrokemikalije

Petrochemicals are the industrially important organic chemicals which are derived from petroleum or natural gas.

pyrotechnics    →   pirotehnika

Pyrotechnics include the production of fireworks, devices and mixtures for illumination using easily inflammable and explosive chemicals.

toxic chemical    →   bojni otrov

Toxic chemical means any chemical which through its chemical action on life processes can cause death, temporary incapacitation, or permanent harm to humans or animals. This includes all such chemicals, regardless of their origin or of their method of production, and regardless of whether they are produced in facilities, in munitions or elsewhere.

reducing agent    →   redukcijsko sredstvo

Reducing agent may be defined in various ways, depending upon the context in which the phrase is used. In broad terms it is often taken to mean a chemical which can act as an electron donor. Thus, in the reaction:

the zinc is being reduced (gaining electrons) by reaction with the iron cations; the Fe²⁺ in this instance is acting as a reducing agent.

salt fog test    →   ispitivanje u slanoj komori

Salt fog test is an accelerated corrosion test in which specimens are exposed to a fine mist of a solution usually containing sodium chloride (typically 5 %). Other contaminants can be added according to desired conditions. It is mainly used to determine the effectiveness of material finishes and protective coatings on materials. Salt-fog testing is also used to determine the effects of salt deposits on the electrical functions of electronic assemblies.

teflon    →   teflon

Teflon is a DuPont Company trademark for polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). It was discovered in 1938 by R. J. Plunkett. Teflon has the lowest coefficient of friction of any solid material known to man. It is also used as a non-stick coating for pans and other cookware. Teflon is very unreactive, and so is often used in containers and pipework for reactive chemicals. Its melting point is 327 °C.

toxicity    →   toksičnost

The term toxicity is very widely used in the safety context. It is used in two contrasting senses: to denote the capacity to cause harm to a living organism, and to indicate the adverse effects caused by a chemical.