CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY
natural resins → prirodne smole
Natural resins are organic compounds which are secreted by some plants and insects. They are used as adhesives, and are very often unsoluble in water.
neutral oxide → neutralni oksid
Neutral oxides are those oxides which show neither basic nor acidic properties when they react with water. Examples include carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrous oxide (N2O) which are only slightly soluble in water, and nitric oxide (NO) which is appreciably soluble in cold water.
oxygenation → oksigenacija
Oxygenation is the addition of pure oxygen to the water, to increase the dissolved oxygen concentration of the water.
cellulose → celuloza
Cellulose, (C6H10O5)n, is a polysaccharide that consists of a long unbranched chain of glucose units linked by (1→4)-β-glycoside bonds. Nature uses cellulose primarily as a structural material to impart strength and rigidity to plants. Leaves, grasses, and cotton are primarily cellulose. The fibrous nature of extracted cellulose has led to its use in textile industry for the production of cotton, artificial silk, etc. Cellulose also serves as raw material for the manufacture of cellulose acetate, known commercially as acetate rayon, and cellulose nitrate, known as guncotton. Gunncotton is the major ingredient in smokeless powder, the explosive propellant used in artillery shells and in ammunition for firearms.
cerium → cerij
Cerium was discovered by Martin Heinrich Klaproth (Germany) and by Jöns Jacob Berzelius (Sweden) in 1803 and Wilhelm von Hisinger (Germany) in 1814. Named after the asteroid Ceres this discovered two years before the element. It is malleable, ductile, iron-grey metal. Tarnishes in air; reacts easily with water. Dissolves in acids; ignites when heated. Metal ignites and burns readily. Strong reductant. Cerium is most abundant rare earth metal. Found in many minerals like monazite sand [Ce(PO4)]. Its oxides are used in the optics and glass-making industries. Its salts are used in the photography and textile industry. Used in high-intensity carbon lamps and as alloying agents in special metals.
chlorine → klor
Chlorine was discovered by Carl William Scheele (Sweden) in 1774. The origin of the name comes from the Greek word chloros meaning pale green. It is greenish-yellow, disagreeable gas with irritating odour. Gas is toxic and severe irritant by contact or inhalation. Never found in free form in nature. Commercial quantities of chlorine are produced by electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride (NaCl) from seawater or brine from salt mines. Used in water purification, bleaches, acids and many, many other compounds such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFC).
polar solvent → polarno otapalo
Polar solvent is a liquid with polar molecules which dissolves polar compounds, because the charges on the endings of the solvent’s molecules attract the elements from ion crystals.
polyvalent element → polivalentni elementi
Polyvalent element is a molecule which having more than one valence, for example oxygen is a divalent in H2O, nitrogen is a trivalent in NH3, carbon is a tetravalent in methane (CH4).
Citing this page:
Generalic, Eni. "Ionski vodič." Croatian-English Chemistry Dictionary & Glossary. 29 June 2022. KTF-Split. {Date of access}. <https://glossary.periodni.com>.
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