CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

evaporation    →   isparavanje

Evaporation is the change of state of a liquid into a vapour at a temperature below the boiling point of the liquid.

extensive property    →   ekstenzivno svojstvo

Extensive property is a property that changes when the amount of matter in a sample changes. Examples are mass, volume, length, and charge.

farad    →   farad

Farad (F) is the SI derived unit of electric capacitance. The farad is the capacitance of an electric capacitor between the two plates of which there appears a difference of electric potential of one volt when it is charged by a quantity of electricity equal to one coulomb (F = C/V). The unit was named after the British scientist M. Faraday (1791-1867).

cellulose    →   celuloza

Cellulose, (C₆H₁₀O₅)_n, is a polysaccharide that consists of a long unbranched chain of glucose units linked by (1→4)-β-glycoside bonds. Nature uses cellulose primarily as a structural material to impart strength and rigidity to plants. Leaves, grasses, and cotton are primarily cellulose. The fibrous nature of extracted cellulose has led to its use in textile industry for the production of cotton, artificial silk, etc. Cellulose also serves as raw material for the manufacture of cellulose acetate, known commercially as acetate rayon, and cellulose nitrate, known as guncotton. Gunncotton is the major ingredient in smokeless powder, the explosive propellant used in artillery shells and in ammunition for firearms.

cetane number    →   cetanski broj

Cetane number is a measure of the ignition quality of diesel fuel. It denotes the volume fraction of cetane (C₁₆H₃₄) in a combustible mixture (containing cetane and 1-methylnapthalene) whose ignition characteristics match those of the diesel fuel being tested. Cetane is a collection of un-branched open chain alkane molecule that ignites very easily under compression, so it was assigned a cetane number of 100, while alpha-methyl naphthalene was assigned a cetane number of 0.

Faradaic reaction    →   Faradejska reakcija

Faradaic reaction is a heterogeneous charge-transfer reaction occurring at the surface of an electrode.

Faraday constant    →   Faradayeva konstanta

Faraday constant (F) is the electric charge of 1 mol of singly charged positive ions.

where N_A is Avogadro’s constant (6.022×10²³ mol^-1) and e is the elementary charge (1.602×10^-19 C).

fluorescence    →   fluorescencija

Fluorescence is a luminescence phenomenon in which electron returns to it's ground state almost instantaneously (less than 10^-8 second), and in which emission from a luminescent substance ceases when the exciting source is removed. Fluorescence is characterized by radiation emission in all directions.

chelate    →   kelat

Chelate is a compound characterized by the presence of bonds from two or more bonding sites within the same ligand to a central metal atom. For example, copper complexes with EDTA to form a chelate. Chelate complexes are more stable than complexes with the corresponding monodentate ligands.

free energy    →   slobodna energija

Free energy is an energy that is actually available to do useful work. A decrease in free energy accompanies any spontaneous process. Free energy does not change for systems that are at equilibrium.