CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

fluid mechanics    →   mehanika fluida

Fluid mechanics is the study of various properties of the fluid (liquids and gases): velocity, pressure, density and temperature, as functions of space and time.

gauss    →   gaus

Gauss (G) is a non-SI unit of magnetic flux density (B). 1 G = 10^-4 T.

HDPE    →   HDPE

HDPE is an abbreviation for high-density polyethylene.

Butler-Volmer equation    →   Butler-Volmerova jednadžba

Butler-Volmer equation is an activation controlled reaction, the one for which the rate of reaction is controlled solely by the rate of the electrochemical charge transfer process, which is in turn an activation-controlled process. This gives rise to kinetics that are described by the Butler-Volmer equation:

where i_o is exchange current density, η is overpotential (η = E - E_o), n is number of electrons, α_A is anodic transfer coefficient, and α_C is cathodic transfer coefficient

convection    →   konvekcija

Convection is the process by which heat is transferred from one part of a fluid to another by movement of the fluid itself. There are two methods by which this can be carried out.

Natural convection, in which movement occurs as a result of gravity. Heat transferred through a fluid medium, such as air or water, by currents that result from the rising of less dense, warm fluid and the sinking of heavier, cooler fluid.

Forced convection is where hot fluid is transferred from one region to another by a mechanical means (fans or pumps).

diatomaceous earth    →   dijatomejska zemlja

Diatomaceous earth is a naturally occurring siliceous sedimentary mineral compound from microscopic skeletal remains (frustules) of diatoms, unicellular aquatic plants of microscopic size. Their fossilized remains are called diatomite and contains approximately 3000 diatom frustules per cubic millimetre.

Diatomite is relatively inert and has a high absorptive capacity, large surface area, and low bulk density. It consists of approximately 90 % silica, and the remainder consists of compounds such as aluminum and iron oxides. The fine pores in the diatom frustules make diatomite an excellent filtering material for waters, beverages, oils, chemicals, as well as many other products.

ice    →   led

Ice is a solid form of water. Water expands when it freezes due to hydrogen bonds thus making ice less density than water so it floats on it.

intensive property    →   intenzivno svojstvo

intensive property is a property that does not change when the amount of sample changes. Examples are density, pressure, temperature, colour.

lactodensimeter    →   laktodenzimetar

Lactodensimeter is a special aerometer used for determining the density of milk.

dipole    →   dipol

Dipole is a pair of separated opposite electric charges. Electric dipole is an assemblage of atoms or subatomic particles having equal electric charges of opposite sign separated by a finite distance. In the case of HCl, the electrons are attracted towards the more electronegative chlorine atom.