CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY
Boltzmann constant → Boltzmannova konstanta
The Boltzmann constant (k or kB) is the physical constant describing the relationship between the thermodynamic temperature and the average kinetic energy of particles in a gas. It equals the molar gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant NA and has the value 1.380 648 52(79)×10-23 J/K. It is named after the Austrian physicist Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann (1844-1906).
bromine → brom
Bromine was discovered by Antoine J. Balard (France) in 1826. The origin of the name comes from the Greek word bromos meaning stench. It is reddish-brown liquid with suffocating, irritating fumes. Gives off poisonous vapour. Causes severe burns. Oxidizer. Bromine occurs in compounds in sea water. It was once used in large quantities to make a compound that removed lead compound build up in engines burning leaded gasoline. Now it is primarily used in dyes, disinfectants and photographic chemicals.
californium → kalifornij
Californium was discovered by Stanley G. Thompson, Kenneth Street Jr. and Albert Ghiorso (USA) in 1950. Named after the State and University of California, USA. It is synthetic radioactive metal. Powerful neutron emitter. Californium was made by bombarding curium with helium ions.
chemical element → kemijski element
Chemical element is a type of matter of which elementary matter is composed. Chemical element is composed of atoms with the same core charge.
coagulation → koaguliranje
Coagulation is a process of colloid particles merging into bigger ones. By removing the charge form a colloid ion, by increasing the temperature or by increasing electrolyte concentration, colloid particles will gather into bigger groups precipitate will emerge. Precipitate that is formed in this way (coagulate) is amorphic and considerably polluted with adsorbed pollutants.
colligative properties → koligativna svojstva
Colligative properties are properties which affect a solvent based on the number of molecules of solute present such as melting point, boiling point and osmotic pressure.
conjugated acid → konjugirana kiselina
Conjugated acid is a particle that develops after a base receives a proton.
conjugated base → konjugirana baza
Conjugated base is a particle which is left after a molecule of acid releases a proton.
centrifugation → centrifugiranje
Centrifugation is sedimentation of particles under the influence of the centrifugal force and it is used for separation of superfine suspensions. At centrifuging forces up to 10 000 times greater than gravity force are used, and at ultracentrifuge up to 600 000 times as great.
change of state → promjena stanja
Change of state is a physical change which appears when a substance crosses from one state into another. This usually happens because of the change of energy of particles provoked by heating or cooling.
Citing this page:
Generalic, Eni. "Elementarna čestica." Croatian-English Chemistry Dictionary & Glossary. 29 June 2022. KTF-Split. {Date of access}. <https://glossary.periodni.com>.
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