CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

nonelectrolyte    →   neelektrolit

Nonelectrolytes are substances which in solutions do not dissociate into ions and they do not conduct electric current.

ohm    →   om

Ohm (Ω) is the SI derived unit of electric resistance. The ohm is the electric resistance between two points of a conductor when a constant difference of potential of one volt, applied between these two points, produces in this conductor a current of one ampere, this conductor not being the source of electromotive force (Ω = V/A). The unit was named after the German physicist Georg Simon Ohm (1789-1854).

electrolytes    →   elektroliti

Electrolytes are substances which, when melted or dissolved in water, conduct electric current. By melting or dissolving they are dissociated into electrically charged particles (ions) which are able to conduct electric current. By passing of electric current the transfer of matter occurs. Positively charged particles (cations) travel towards the negative pole (the cathode) and negatively charged particles (the anions) travel towards the positive pole (the anode). Liquid metals, in which the conduction is by free electrons, are not usually regarded as electrolytes. Solid conductors of ions, as in the sodium-sulphur cell, are also known as electrolytes. Depending upon how it conducts electric current, matter can be divided into strong electrolytes, weak electrolytes and nonconductors.

electrolytic cell    →   elektrolitska ćelija

Electrolytic cell is an electrochemical cell that converts electrical energy into chemical energy. The chemical reactions do not occur spontaneously at the electrodes when they are connected through an external circuit. The reaction must be forced by applying an external electric current. It is used to store electrical energy in chemical form (rechargeable battery). It is also used to decompose or produce (synthesise) new chemicals by the application of electrical power. This process is called electrolysis, e.g., water can be decomposed into hydrogen gas and oxygen gas. The free energy change of the overall cell reaction is positive.

electrophoresis    →   elektroforeza

Electrophoresis is a technique for the analysis and separation of colloids, based on the movement of charged colloidal particles in an electric field. The migration is toward electrodes of charge opposite to that of the particles. The rate of migration of the particles depends on the field, the charge on the particles, and on other factors, such as the size and shape of the particles.

Electrophoresis is important in the study of proteins. The acidity of the solution can be used to control the direction in which a protein moves upon electrophoresis.

Peltier effect    →   Peltierov efekt

Peltier effect is the absorption or generation of heat (depending on the current direction) which occurs when an electric current is passed through a junction between two materials.

refractory metal    →   vatrostalni metal

Refractory metal is a metal having an extremely high melting point, for example tungsten, molybdenum, niobium, tantalum, and rhenium

siemens    →   simens

Siemens (S) is the SI derived unit of of electrical conductance of a conductor in which a current of one ampere is produced by an electrical potential difference of one volt (S = A·V^-1 = Ω^-1). The unit was named after the German scientist Ernst Werner von Siemens (1816-1892).

strong electrolyte    →   jaki elektrolit

Strong electrolytes are those electrolytes which in water solutions completely dissociate into their ions. They conduct electric current very well.

superconductivity    →   supravodljivost

Superconductivity is the phenomenon in which certain metals, alloys, and compounds below a certain temperature, the transition point (T_c), lose electrical resistance and magnetic permeability, i.e. have infinite electrical conductivity (Meissner effect and Josephson effect).