CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

fcc    →   fcc

fcc is abbreviation for face-centered cubic lattice.

glass    →   staklo

Glass is a brittle transparent solid with the molecular structure of a liquid. It is made by fusing together sand (SiO₂), soda (Na₂CO₃), and lime (CaCO₃) with small quantities other compounds. It is used for window panes and mirrors, for articles of table and culinary use, for lenses, and various articles of ornament.

cathodic protection    →   katodna zaštita

Cathodic protection is a process in which a structural metal, such as iron, is protected from corrosion by connecting it to a metal that has a more negative reduction half-cell potential, which now corrodes instead of iron. There are two major variations of the cathodic method of corrosion protection. The first is called the impressed current method, and the other is called the sacrificial anode method.

cellulose    →   celuloza

Cellulose, (C₆H₁₀O₅)_n, is a polysaccharide that consists of a long unbranched chain of glucose units linked by (1→4)-β-glycoside bonds. Nature uses cellulose primarily as a structural material to impart strength and rigidity to plants. Leaves, grasses, and cotton are primarily cellulose. The fibrous nature of extracted cellulose has led to its use in textile industry for the production of cotton, artificial silk, etc. Cellulose also serves as raw material for the manufacture of cellulose acetate, known commercially as acetate rayon, and cellulose nitrate, known as guncotton. Gunncotton is the major ingredient in smokeless powder, the explosive propellant used in artillery shells and in ammunition for firearms.

glycosyl group    →   glikozidna skupina

The structure obtained by removing the hydroxy group from the hemiacetal function of a monosaccharide.

groundbed    →   zemljana anoda

Groundbed is a buried item, such as junk steel or graphite rods, that serves as the anode for the cathodic protection of pipelines or other buried structures.

henry    →   henri

Henry (H) is the SI derived unit of inductance equal to the inductance of a closed circuit in which an e.m.f. of one volt is produced when the electric current in the circuit varies uniformly at a rate of one ampere per second (H = V·s/A). The unit was named after the American physicst Joseph Henry (1797-1878).

conformation    →   konformacija

Conformation is one of the very large numbers of possible spatial arrangements of atoms that can be interconverted by rotation about a single bond in a molecule. The conformation of a molecule is not fixed, though one or another shape may be more likely to occur. There are two extreme cases:

Staggered conformation (antiperiplanar) is a conformation about a carbon-carbon single bond in which the atoms on one carbon are as far apart as possible from the atoms on an adjacent carbon.

Eclipsed conformation (syn-periplanar) is a conformation about a carbon-carbon single bond in which the atoms on one carbon are as close as possible to the atoms on an adjacent carbon.

horse power    →   konjska snaga

Horse power is an obsolete non-SI of power introduced by James Watt in 1782 to allow describing the power of steam machinery. It was equal to the work effort of a horse needed to raise vertically 528 cubic feet of water to one metre in one minute (HP = 735.498750 W).

infrared spectroscopy    →   infracrvena spektroskopija

Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is a technique used for determining the structure (and sometimes concentration) of molecules by observing how infrared radiation is absorbed by a sample.