CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

body-centered tetragonal lattice    →   prostorno centrirana tetragonska rešetka

Body-centered tetragonal lattice (tetragonal-I), like all lattices, has lattice points at the eight corners of the unit cell plus an additional points at the center of the cell. It has unit cell vectors a=b≠c and interaxial angles α=β=γ=90°.

Celsius temperature scale    →   Celsiusova temperaturna skala

For value of zero in Celsius temperature scale the freezing point of water at a pressure of 101 325 Pa is taken. The boiling point of water at a pressure of 101 325 Pa is taken as another reference point. This range is divided into 100 equal parts, and each part is an equivalent to 1 °C. Units of Celsius temperature scale (°C) and thermodynamic temperature scale (K) are identical

1 °C = 1 K.

coenzyme a    →   koenzim a

Coenzyme A (CoA) is an essential metabolic cofactor synthesized from cysteine, pantothenate (vitamin B5), and ATP. CoA plays important roles in many metabolic pathways, including the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids. One of the main functions of CoA is the carrying and transfer of acyl groups. Acylated derivatives (acetyl-CoA) are critical intermediates in many metabolic reactions.

glacial acetic acid    →   ledena octena kiselina

Glacial acetic acid (CH₃COOH) is the pure compound, as distinguished from the usual water solutions known as acetic acid. It is a colorless liquid or crystalline substance (melting point 16.6 °C) with a pungent, vinegar odor.

harmonic motion    →   harmoničko gibanje

Harmonic motion is caused by restoring force, acting on a body that is displaced from its equilibrium position. This force tries to put the body back in equilibrium. Usual examples are the motion of a body attached to elastic spring (see: Hooke’s law) and the motion of mathematical pendulum. The body undergoes periodic motion around the equilibrium point.

isobar    →   izobara

Isobar is a line connecting points of equal pressure on a graphic representation of a physical system.

isobath    →   izobata

Isobaths are lines connecting points of equal depth in lakes and oceans. The name comes from Greek bathus meaning deep.

colloid    →   koloid

Colloids are systems in which there are two or more phases, with one (the dispersed phase) distributed in the other (the continuous phase). Moreover, at least one of the phases has small dimensions, in the range between 1 nm and 1 μm (10^-9 m – 10^-6 m). Dimension, rather than the nature of the material, is characteristic. In this size range, the surface area of the particle is large with respect to its volume so that unusual phenomena occur, e.g., the particles do not settle out of the suspension by gravity and are small enough to pass through filter membranes. Macromolecules (proteins and other high polymers) are at the lower limit of this range; the upper limit is usually taken to be the point at which the particles can be resolved in an optical microscope.

Colloidal particles may be gaseous, liquid, or solid, and occur in various types of suspensions:

Sols - dispersions of small solid particles in a liquid.

Emulsions - colloidal systems in which the dispersed and continuous phases are both liquids.

Gels - colloids in which both dispersed and continuous phases have a three-dimensional network throughout the material.

Aerosols - colloidal dispersions of liquid or solid particles in a gas.

Foams - dispersions of gases in liquids or solids.

isotherm    →   izoterma

Isotherm is a line connecting points of equal temperature on a graphic representation of a physical system.

joule    →   džul

Joule (J) is the SI derived unit of energy, work, and heat. The joule is the work done when the point of application of a force of one newton is displaced a distance of one metre in the direction of the force (J = N m). The unit was named after the British scientist James Prescott Joule (1818-1889).