CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

half-cell    →   polučlanak

Half-cell is a part of galvanic cell in which oxidations or reduction of an element in contact with water or water solution one of its compounds.

halocarbon    →   halogenirani ugljikovodik

Halocarbon is a compound containing no elements other than carbon, one or more halogens, and sometimes hydrogen. The simplest are compounds such as tetrachloromethane (CCl₄), tetrabromomethane (CBr₄), etc. The lower members of the various homologous series are used as refrigerants, propellant gases, fireextinguishing agents, and blowing agents for urethane foams. When polymerized, they yield plastics characterized by extreme chemical resistance, high electrical resistivity, and good heat resistance.

ozonide    →   ozonid

Ozonides are explosive organic compounds, mainly oleaginous foul liquids. They emerge in the process of ozonization from some satiated compounds. They are important for structure determining.

ozonolisys    →   ozonoliza

Ozonolisys is a procedure of adding ozone to an unsaturated organic compound, by which first ozonides emerge, and then degrade.

PCl5 reaction    →   reakcija s PCl5

Reaction with phosphorus pentachloride (PCl₅) is a characteristic of organic compounds containing a hydroxyl group and this reaction is used to identify these compounds in an organic analysis.

peroxide    →   peroksid

Peroxides are compounds of structure ROOR in which R may be any organic group. In inorganic chemistry, salts of the anion O₂^2-. They are strong oxidising agents.

hemiacetal    →   poluacetal

Hemiacetals are organic compounds having the general formula R₂C(OH)OR’ (R’ ≠ H), derived from aldehydes or ketones by formal addition of an alcohol to the carbonyl group. Hemiacetals are generally unstable compounds. In some cases however, stable cyclic hemiacetals can be readily formed, especially when 5- and 6-membered rings are possible. In this case an intramolecular OH group reacts with the carbonyl group. Glucose and many other aldoses exist as cyclic hemiacetals whereas fructose and similar ketoses exist as cyclic hemiketals. Originally, the term was confined to derivatives of aldehydes (one R = H), but it now applies equally to derivatives of ketones (neither R = H).

hemiketal    →   poluketal

Hemiketals are organic compounds having the structure R₂C(OH)OR (R ≠ H), derived from ketones by formal addition of an alcohol to the carbonyl group. The rings of ketose sugars are hemiketals. This term, once abandoned, has been reinstated as a subclass of hemiacetals.

homologous series    →   homologni niz

Series of compounds which have a common general formula and in which each member differs from the next member by a constant unit, which is the methylene group (-CH₂-) is called the homologous series. Members of a homologous series are called homolog.

An example of the homologous series with some of their homologs are given below. Straight chain alkanes having general formula C_nH_2n+2

phenols    →   fenoli

Phenols are compounds having one or more hydroxy groups attached to benzene or other arene ring.