CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

isotope    →   izotop

Isotopes are two or more nuclides with the same atomic number Z but different mass number A. The term is sometimes used synonymously with nuclide, but it is preferable to reserve the word nuclide for a species of specific Z and A.

IUPAC    →   IUPAC

The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) is a non-governmental organization of member countries that encompasses more than 85% of the world’s chemical sciences and industries. It was formed in 1919 with the object of facilitating international agreement and uniform practice in both academic and industrial aspects of chemistry.

lipids    →   lipidi

Lipids are a loosely defined term for substances of biological origin that are soluble in nonpolar solvents. They consist of saponifiable lipids, such as glycerides (fats and oils) and phospholipids, as well as nonsaponifiable lipids, principally steroids.

condensation    →   kondenzacija

1. Condensation is a process of changing from a gaseous to a liquid or solid state, usually done by cooling.

2. Condensation, in colloid systems, is a process where smaller particle join in one colloid size particle

3. Condensation, in chemical terms, is a sort of chemical reaction in which small molecules like water, carbon dioxide, or ammonia single out.

Dalton’s law    →   Daltonov zakon

Dalton’s law of partial pressure says that the total pressure eof gaseous mixture is equal to the sum of all gases partial pressures which make that mixture on the condition that they do not interact.

For example, if dry oxygen gas at 900 hPa is saturated with water vapor at 56 hPa, the pressure of the wet gas is 956 hPa.

mercaptans    →   merkaptani

Mercaptans are a traditional term abandoned by IUPAC, synonymous with thiols, a sulfur-containing organic compound with the general formula R-SH where R is any radical. This term is still widely used.

nominal    →   nominalno

Nominal is used to describe a process where 100 % accuracy is not guaranteed. For example, sand filtres are usually sold to filtre to a nominal 10 μm, which means that they will filtre most particles of 10 μm and larger, but not all. A filtre which is guaranteed to filtre all particles of 10 μm would be termed absolute rather than nominal.

non-soap cleanser    →   nesapunsko sredstvo za čišćenje

Non-soap cleansers (detergents) are synthetically produced from byproducts of oil refining and are used in the production of washing powder, shampoos and hair conditioners.

nucleon    →   nukleon

Nucleon is a collective term for the proton and neutron.

oxidation    →   oksidacija

The term oxidation originally meant a reaction in which oxygen combines chemically with another substance. More generally, oxidation is a part of a chemical reaction in which a reactant loses electrons (increases oxidation number). Simultaneous reduction of a different reactant must occur (redox reaction).