CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

electrostatics    →   elektrostatika

Electrostatics study of electric charges at rest.

element    →   element

Element is a substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances. In an element, all the atoms have the same number of protons or electrons, although the number of neutrons my vary.

elementary particle    →   elementarna čestica

Elementary particle is one of fundamental particles of which matter is composed, such as the electron, proton or neutron.

elementary reaction    →   elementarna reakcija

Elementary reaction is a reaction that occurs in a single step. Equations for elementary reactions show the actual molecules, atoms, and ions that react on a molecular level.

elementary substance    →   elementarna tvar

Elementary substance is a simple and pure substance which can not be, by chemistry methods, decomposed further into simpler substances.

elution    →   eluacija

Elution is the process of removing an adsorbed material (adsorbate) from an adsorbent with a liquid (eluent). The solution consisting of the adsorbate dissolved in the eluent is the eluate. Elution is the process used to wash components of a mixture through a chromatography column.

emulsion    →   emulzija

Emulsion is a colloidal system in which the dispersed and continuous phases are both liquids (e.g. oil in water or water in oil). Such systems require an emulsifying agent to stabilize the dispersed particles.

endothermic reaction    →   endotermna reakcija

Endothermic reactions are the ones in which heat is absorbed and are facilitated by an increase in temperature (ΔH° > 0).

If the reaction is endothermal in one direction, in the opposite direction the reaction is exothermal.

enthalpy growth    →   prirast entalpije

Enthalpy growth (ΔH) is that part of energy of system which can be translated into heat (Q) with a permanent pressure.

conditional electrode potential    →   uvjetni elektrodni potencijal

Conditional or formal electrode potential (E°’) is equal to electrode potential (E) when overall concentrations of oxidised and reduced form in all its forms in a solution are equal to one. Conditional electrode potential includes all effects made by reactions that do not take part in the electron exchange, but lead to change of ion power, changes of pH, hydrolysis, complexing, precipitating, etc.

At 298 K (25 °C) and by converting natural (Napierian) logarithms into decimal (common, or Briggian) logarithms, Nernst’s equation for electrode potential can be written as follows: