CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

chemical element    →   kemijski element

Chemical element is a type of matter of which elementary matter is composed. Chemical element is composed of atoms with the same core charge.

chemical energy    →   kemijska energija

Chemical energy is the energy stored in substances and transferred during chemical reaction.

chemical engineering    →   kemijsko inženjerstvo

Chemical engineering is the branch of engineering that is concerned with the design, construction and operation of the plants and machinery used in industrial chemical processes.

chemical equation equalization    →   izjednačavanje kemijske jednadžbe

Chemical equation equalization is determining values of stechiometric coefficients of reactants and products in a chemical equation in a way that the number of atoms of each element is equal before and after the reaction.

complete ionic equation    →   potpuna ionska jednadžba

Complete ionic equation is a balanced equation that describes a reaction occurring in a solution, in which all strong electrolytes are written as dissociated ions.

Butler-Volmer equation    →   Butler-Volmerova jednadžba

Butler-Volmer equation is an activation controlled reaction, the one for which the rate of reaction is controlled solely by the rate of the electrochemical charge transfer process, which is in turn an activation-controlled process. This gives rise to kinetics that are described by the Butler-Volmer equation:

where i_o is exchange current density, η is overpotential (η = E - E_o), n is number of electrons, α_A is anodic transfer coefficient, and α_C is cathodic transfer coefficient

calomel electrode    →   kalomel elektroda

Calomel electrode is a type of half cell in which the electrode is mercury coated with calomel (Hg₂Cl₂) and the electrolyte is a solution of potassium chloride and saturated calomel. In the calomel half cell the overall reaction is

Table: Dependence of potential of calomel electrode upon temperature and concentration of KCl according to standard hydrogen electrode

dynamic equilibrium    →   dinamička ravnoteža

Dynamic equilibrium is established when two opposing processes are occurring at precisely the same rate, so that there is no apparent change in the system over long periods of time.

ebullioscope    →   ebulioskop

Ebullioscope is device for determination of the boiling point.

ebullioscopic constant    →   ebulioskopska konstanta

Ebullioscopic constant (E_b) is the constant that expresses the amount by which the boiling point T_b of a solvent is raised by a nondissociating solute, through the relation

where b is the molality of the solute.