CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

elementary particle    →   elementarna čestica

Elementary particle is one of fundamental particles of which matter is composed, such as the electron, proton or neutron.

elementary reaction    →   elementarna reakcija

Elementary reaction is a reaction that occurs in a single step. Equations for elementary reactions show the actual molecules, atoms, and ions that react on a molecular level.

elementary substance    →   elementarna tvar

Elementary substance is a simple and pure substance which can not be, by chemistry methods, decomposed further into simpler substances.

elution    →   eluacija

Elution is the process of removing an adsorbed material (adsorbate) from an adsorbent with a liquid (eluent). The solution consisting of the adsorbate dissolved in the eluent is the eluate. Elution is the process used to wash components of a mixture through a chromatography column.

equation of state    →   jednadžba stanja

Equation of state is an equation relating the pressure, volume, and temperature of a substance or system. Equation of state for ideal gas

where p is pressure, V molar volume, T temperature, and R the molar gas constant (8.314 JK^-1mol^-1).

Dalton’s atomic theory    →   Daltonova atomska teorija

Dalton’s atomic theory is a theory of chemical combination, first stated by John Dalton in 1803. It involves the following postulates:

1. Elements consist of indivisible small particles (atoms).

2. All atoms of the same element are identical; different elements have different types of atom.

3. Atoms can neither be created nor destroyed.

4. ’Compound elements’ (i.e. compounds) are formed when atoms of different elements join in simple ratios to form ’compound atoms’ (i.e. molecules).

Dalton also proposed symbols for atoms of different elements (later replaced by the present notation using letters).

Dalton’s law    →   Daltonov zakon

Dalton’s law of partial pressure says that the total pressure eof gaseous mixture is equal to the sum of all gases partial pressures which make that mixture on the condition that they do not interact.

For example, if dry oxygen gas at 900 hPa is saturated with water vapor at 56 hPa, the pressure of the wet gas is 956 hPa.

darmstadtium    →   darmstadtij

Darmstadtium was discovered by S. Hofmann et al. collaboration at the Heavy Ion Research Laboratory (Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung, GSI) in Darmstadt, Germany in November 1994. The title honours the Laboratory for Heavy Ion Research (called GSI) in Darmstadt, Germany, where the substance was first made. It is synthetic radioactive metal. The fusion-evaporation reaction using a ⁶²Ni beam on an isotopically enriched ²⁰⁸Pb target produced four chains of alpha-emitting nuclides following the presumed formation of ²⁶⁹110 + ¹n.

decomposition    →   raspadanje

Decomposition occurs when chemical compounds are broken up into simple molecules, and even as far as their original elements. These processes are normally irreversible. An example of decomposition is when ammonium nitrate is heated. This produces nitrous oxide and water which are unable to recombine.

degree    →   stupanj

1. Degree is a unit of temperature on a specified scale. The temperatures of boiling and freezing water are: in the Fahrenheit system 212 and 32 degrees; in the Celsius system 100 and 0 (zero) degrees.

2. Degree is a unit of angular measure. A circle is divided into 360 degrees, represented by the symbol °. Degrees are each divided into 60 minutes. Each minute has 60 seconds. Symbols for degree, minute, and second for plane angle is placed after the numerical value and a no space between the numerical value and the unit symbol (α = 2°3'4").

3. In algebra, the degree of a polynomial is the highest power of the variable in the polynomial. For example, 4x³ + 3x² + x + 7 have degree 3.