CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

molar concentration    →   molarna koncentracija

See Amount concentration

molar fraction    →   molarni udio

See Amount fraction

mole fraction    →   molni udio

See Amount fraction

absolute error    →   apsolutna pogreška

Absolute error is a difference between the obtained value (O) and the real value (μ). It is shown in employed for measuring (g, cm³, ...). For example, if three replicate weights for an object are 1.00 g, 1.05 g, and 0.95 g, the absolute error can be expressed as ±0.05 g. Absolute error is also used to express inaccuracies; for example, if the "true value" is 1.11 g and the measured value is 1.00 g, the absolute error could be written as 1.00 g - 1.11 g = -0.11 g. Note that when absolute errors are associated with indeterminate errors, they are preceded by "±"; when they are associated with determinate errors, they are preceded by their sign.

absolute temperature    →   apsolutna temperatura

Absolute temperature denoting a temperature measured on the absolute scale, a scale of temperature based on absolute zero as the lowest temperature.

absolute volume    →   apsolutni volumen

Absolute volume is the total volume of the particles in a granular material, including both permeable and impermeable voids but excluding spaces between particles.

absolute zero    →   apsolutna nula temperature

Absolute zero is theoretically, the lowest attainable temperature. It is the energy at which the kinetic energy of atom and molecules is minimal and is equivalent to -273.15 °C.

absorbance    →   apsorbancija

Absorbance (A) is a logarithm of the ratio of incident radiant power (P_o) to transmitted radiant power (P) through a sample (excluding the effects on cell walls).

The absorption of light by a substance in a solution can be described mathematically by the Beer-Lambert law

where A is the absorbance at a given wavelength of light, ε is the molar absorbtivity or extinction coefficient (L mol^-1 cm^-1), unique to each molecule and varying with wavelength, b is the length of light path through the sample (cm), and c is the concentration of the compound in solution (mol L^-1).

absorbed dose    →   apsorbirana doza

For any ionising radiation, absorbed dose (D) is the mean energy imparted to an element of irradiated matter divided by the mass of that element.

absorptance    →   apsorptancija

Absorptance (α) is the ratio of the radiant or luminous flux in a given spectral interval absorbed in a medium to that of the incident radiation. Also called absorption factor.