CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

peptisation    →   peptizacija

Peptisation is a process in which coagulated colloid returns into a dispersed state.

regeneration    →   regeneracija

Regeneration is the process of restoring an ion exchange medium to a usable state after exhaustion. The cation exchanger is normally regenerated with hydrochloric acid and the anion exchanger with sodium hydroxide.

resin    →   smola

Resins are gumlike solid or semisolid substances used in making such products as paints, varnishes and plastics. A resin is not a plastic unless it has become solid in the finished state.

solution    →   otopina

Solutions are homogeneous mixtures of clean substances. Solutions contain two or more substances mixed in a state of molecular dispersion. Component which is found in solution in greater amount than other components is called a solvent and other components are called dissolved substances. Solution can be unsaturated, saturated and oversaturated.

Gauss’ law for electrostatics    →   Gaussov zakon za elektrostatiku

Gauss’ law describes the relation between charge and electric field in static situations, so it is equivalent to Coulomb’s law, which can be derived from Gauss’ law. Gauss’ law states that the net flux of electric field, Φ, through an imaginary closed surface, S, - a Gaussian surface - is equal to the net charge, q, inside that closed surface:

where electric flux Φ through Gaussian surface is given by:

ε₀ is the permittivity constant and dS is a surface element.

Gibbs phase rule    →   Gibbsov zakon faza

Gibbs phase rule is the relationship used to determine the number of state variables, usually chosen from among temperature, pressure, and species composition in each phase, which must be specified to fix the thermodynamic state of a system in equilibrium:

where C is the number of components in a mixture, P is the number of phases, and F is the degrees of freedom, i.e., the number of intensive variables that can be changed independently without affecting the number of phases.

half-wave potential    →   poluvalni potencijal

Half-wave potential (E_1/2) is a potential at which polarographic wave current is equal to one half of diffusion current (i_d). In a given supporting electrolyte, the half-wave potential is unique for each element and its different valence states and chemical forms. Observation of a current peak at a specific half-wave potential therefore identifies the chemical species producing the current.

hassium    →   hassij

Hassium was discovered by Peter Armbruster, Gottfried Münzenber and their co-workers at the Heavy Ion Research Laboratory (Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung, GSI) in Darmstadt, Germany in 1984. The origin of the name is the Latin word Hassias meaning Hess, the German state. It is synthetic radioactive metal. Hassium was produced bythe bombardment of lead-208 with iron-58.

supersaturated solution    →   prezasićena otopina

Solution is supersaturated when it contains greater quantity of dissolved substance in itself than it corresponds to solubility of that substance at that temperature. It is said to be in an unstable state, and by shaking the vessel containing that such a solution separation of salt surplus can occur.

vapour    →   para

Vapour is the gaseous state of some matter which can be converted into liquid when exposed to pressure.