CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY

Bohr magneton    →   Bohrov magneton

Bohr magneton (μ_B) is the atomic unit of magnetic moment, defined as

where h is Planck’s constant, m_e the electron mass, and e the elementary charge. It is the moment associated with a single electron spin.

Bohr atom    →   Bohrov atom

Bohr atom is a model of the atom that explains emission and absorption of radiation as transitions between stationary electronic states in which the electron orbits the nucleus at a definite distance. The Bohr model violates the Heisenberg uncertainty principle since it postulates definite paths and moment for electrons as they move around the nucleus. Modern theories usually use atomic orbitals to describe the behaviour of electrons in atoms.

bohrium    →   bohrij

Bohrium was discovered by Peter Armbruster, Gottfried Münzenber and their co-workers at the Heavy Ion Research Laboratory (Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung, GSI) in Darmstadt, Germany in 1981. Named in honour of Niels Bohr, the Danish physicist. It is synthetic radioactive metal. Bohrium was produced by bombarding bismuth-204 with chromium-54.

magnetochemistry    →   magnetokemija

Magnetochemistry is a branch of physical chemistry which studies relations between magnetism and the chemical structure of matter.

atom    →   atom

Atom is an atom is the smallest particle of an element that retains the chemical properties of the element. Rutherford-Bohr’s model represents the atom as a positively charged core of a size around 10^-14 m composed of protons (positive particles) and neutrons (neutral particles) around which negatively charged electrons circle. The number of protons and electrons are equal, so the atom is an electrically a neutral particle. Diameter of the atom is about 10^-10 m.

ruthenium    →   rutenij

Ruthenium was discovered by Karl Karlovich Klaus (Russia) in 1844. The origin of the name comes from the Latin word Ruthenia meaning Russia. It is rare, extremely brittle, silver-grey metal. Unaffected by air, water or acids. Reacts with very hot (molten) alkalis. Ruthenium is found in pentlandite and pyroxinite. Used to harden platinum and palladium. Aircraft magnetos use platinum alloy with 10 % ruthenium.